ANY와 ALL 문서의 검증 코드다.
-- 실행: docker exec -i vault-pg psql -U postgres -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 -q -f - < 이 파일
-- 61.ANY와 ALL 검증 (SQLite에는 ANY·ALL이 없어 여기서 그대로 돌린다)
-- PostgreSQL 16에서 실행한다. 모든 단언을 통과하면 마지막 줄에 ALL CHECKS PASSED가 나온다.
SET client_min_messages TO WARNING;
DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS sql_any_all CASCADE;
CREATE SCHEMA sql_any_all;
SET search_path TO sql_any_all;
-- COMPANY 스키마와 상태 (Elmasri 그림 5.5~5.7).
-- 상태에 (888665555, 20, NULL)이 있어 Hours에는 NOT NULL을 걸지 않았다.
-- 서로 가리키는 외래 키(EMPLOYEE.Dno <-> DEPARTMENT.Mgr_ssn)는 커밋할 때 검사하도록 미뤘다.
CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE (Fname VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL, Minit CHAR, Lname VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL, Ssn CHAR(9) NOT NULL,
Bdate DATE, Address VARCHAR(30), Sex CHAR, Salary DECIMAL(10,2), Super_ssn CHAR(9), Dno INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (Ssn), FOREIGN KEY (Super_ssn) REFERENCES EMPLOYEE(Ssn) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED);
CREATE TABLE DEPARTMENT (Dname VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL, Dnumber INT NOT NULL, Mgr_ssn CHAR(9) NOT NULL, Mgr_start_date DATE,
PRIMARY KEY (Dnumber), UNIQUE (Dname),
FOREIGN KEY (Mgr_ssn) REFERENCES EMPLOYEE(Ssn) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED);
ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE ADD FOREIGN KEY (Dno) REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(Dnumber) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
CREATE TABLE DEPT_LOCATIONS (Dnumber INT NOT NULL, Dlocation VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (Dnumber, Dlocation), FOREIGN KEY (Dnumber) REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(Dnumber));
CREATE TABLE PROJECT (Pname VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL, Pnumber INT NOT NULL, Plocation VARCHAR(15), Dnum INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (Pnumber), UNIQUE (Pname), FOREIGN KEY (Dnum) REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(Dnumber));
CREATE TABLE WORKS_ON (Essn CHAR(9) NOT NULL, Pno INT NOT NULL, Hours DECIMAL(3,1),
PRIMARY KEY (Essn, Pno), FOREIGN KEY (Essn) REFERENCES EMPLOYEE(Ssn), FOREIGN KEY (Pno) REFERENCES PROJECT(Pnumber));
CREATE TABLE DEPENDENT (Essn CHAR(9) NOT NULL, Dependent_name VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL, Sex CHAR, Bdate DATE,
Relationship VARCHAR(8),
PRIMARY KEY (Essn, Dependent_name), FOREIGN KEY (Essn) REFERENCES EMPLOYEE(Ssn));
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE VALUES
('John','B','Smith','123456789','1965-01-09','731 Fondren, Houston, TX','M',30000,'333445555',5),
('Franklin','T','Wong','333445555','1955-12-08','638 Voss, Houston, TX','M',40000,'888665555',5),
('Alicia','J','Zelaya','999887777','1968-01-19','3321 Castle, Spring, TX','F',25000,'987654321',4),
('Jennifer','S','Wallace','987654321','1941-06-20','291 Berry, Bellaire, TX','F',43000,'888665555',4),
('Ramesh','K','Narayan','666884444','1962-09-15','975 Fire Oak, Humble, TX','M',38000,'333445555',5),
('Joyce','A','English','453453453','1972-07-31','5631 Rice, Houston, TX','F',25000,'333445555',5),
('Ahmad','V','Jabbar','987987987','1969-03-29','980 Dallas, Houston, TX','M',25000,'987654321',4),
('James','E','Borg','888665555','1937-11-10','450 Stone, Houston, TX','M',55000,NULL,1);
INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT VALUES ('Research',5,'333445555','1988-05-22'),
('Administration',4,'987654321','1995-01-01'), ('Headquarters',1,'888665555','1981-06-19');
INSERT INTO DEPT_LOCATIONS VALUES (1,'Houston'),(4,'Stafford'),(5,'Bellaire'),(5,'Sugarland'),(5,'Houston');
INSERT INTO PROJECT VALUES ('ProductX',1,'Bellaire',5),('ProductY',2,'Sugarland',5),('ProductZ',3,'Houston',5),
('Computerization',10,'Stafford',4),('Reorganization',20,'Houston',1),('Newbenefits',30,'Stafford',4);
INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES ('123456789',1,32.5),('123456789',2,7.5),('666884444',3,40.0),('453453453',1,20.0),
('453453453',2,20.0),('333445555',2,10.0),('333445555',3,10.0),('333445555',10,10.0),('333445555',20,10.0),
('999887777',30,30.0),('999887777',10,10.0),('987987987',10,35.0),('987987987',30,5.0),('987654321',30,20.0),
('987654321',20,15.0),('888665555',20,NULL);
INSERT INTO DEPENDENT VALUES ('333445555','Alice','F','1986-04-05','Daughter'),
('333445555','Theodore','M','1983-10-25','Son'),('333445555','Joy','F','1958-05-03','Spouse'),
('987654321','Abner','M','1942-02-28','Spouse'),('123456789','Michael','M','1988-01-04','Son'),
('123456789','Alice','F','1988-12-30','Daughter'),('123456789','Elizabeth','F','1967-05-05','Spouse');
COMMIT;
-- 1. 5번 부서의 모든 직원보다 급여가 많은 직원
DO $$ BEGIN
ASSERT (SELECT string_agg(Lname, ',' ORDER BY Lname) FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE Salary > ALL (SELECT Salary FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Dno = 5)) = 'Borg,Wallace', '> ALL이 Borg, Wallace가 아니다';
ASSERT (SELECT string_agg(Lname, ',' ORDER BY Lname) FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE Salary > ANY (SELECT Salary FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Dno = 5)) = 'Borg,Narayan,Smith,Wallace,Wong',
'> ANY가 5명이 아니다';
ASSERT (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Salary < ALL (SELECT Salary FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Dno = 5)) = 0,
'< ALL이 0행이 아니다';
END $$;
-- 2. = ANY는 IN과 같다 (Q4A)
DO $$ BEGIN
ASSERT (SELECT string_agg(Pnumber::text, ',' ORDER BY Pnumber) FROM (
SELECT DISTINCT Pnumber FROM PROJECT
WHERE Pnumber = ANY (SELECT Pnumber FROM PROJECT, DEPARTMENT, EMPLOYEE
WHERE Dnum = Dnumber AND Mgr_ssn = Ssn AND Lname = 'Smith')
OR Pnumber = ANY (SELECT Pno FROM WORKS_ON, EMPLOYEE WHERE Essn = Ssn AND Lname = 'Smith')) t) = '1,2',
'= ANY로 쓴 Q4A가 1, 2가 아니다';
END $$;
-- 3. = ALL, <> ALL, <> ANY
DO $$ BEGIN
ASSERT (SELECT string_agg(Lname, ',') FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE Salary = ALL (SELECT Salary FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Dno = 1)) = 'Borg', '= ALL (1번 부서)이 Borg가 아니다';
ASSERT (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Salary = ALL (SELECT Salary FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Dno = 5)) = 0,
'= ALL (5번 부서)이 0행이 아니다';
ASSERT (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Dno <> ALL (SELECT Dnumber FROM DEPARTMENT)) = 0, '<> ALL이 0행이 아니다';
ASSERT (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Dno NOT IN (SELECT Dnumber FROM DEPARTMENT)) = 0, 'NOT IN이 0행이 아니다';
ASSERT (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Dno <> ANY (SELECT Dnumber FROM DEPARTMENT)) = 8, '<> ANY가 8행이 아니다';
END $$;
-- 4. 빈 집합: ALL은 누구에게나 참, ANY는 누구에게나 거짓, MAX로 바꾼 판은 0행
DO $$ BEGIN
ASSERT (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Salary > ALL (SELECT Salary FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Dno = 9)) = 8,
'빈 집합의 > ALL이 8행이 아니다';
ASSERT (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Salary > ANY (SELECT Salary FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Dno = 9)) = 0,
'빈 집합의 > ANY가 0행이 아니다';
ASSERT (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Salary > (SELECT MAX(Salary) FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Dno = 9)) = 0,
'빈 집합의 > MAX가 0행이 아니다';
END $$;
-- 5. NULL이 섞인 집합: 프로젝트 20의 Hours는 10.0, 15.0, NULL
DO $$ BEGIN
ASSERT (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM WORKS_ON WHERE Pno = 20 AND Hours IS NULL) = 1, '프로젝트 20에 NULL 행이 하나가 아니다';
ASSERT (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM WORKS_ON WHERE Hours > ALL (SELECT Hours FROM WORKS_ON WHERE Pno = 20)) = 0,
'NULL이 섞인 > ALL이 0행이 아니다';
ASSERT (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM WORKS_ON WHERE Hours > (SELECT MAX(Hours) FROM WORKS_ON WHERE Pno = 20)) = 7,
'NULL이 섞인 > MAX가 7행이 아니다';
ASSERT (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM WORKS_ON WHERE Hours > ANY (SELECT Hours FROM WORKS_ON WHERE Pno = 20)) = 8,
'NULL이 섞인 > ANY가 8행이 아니다';
END $$;
-- 카드 C2
DO $$ BEGIN
ASSERT (SELECT string_agg(Lname, ',') FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Salary >= ALL (SELECT Salary FROM EMPLOYEE)) = 'Borg',
'>= ALL이 Borg가 아니다';
ASSERT (SELECT string_agg(Lname, ',' ORDER BY Lname) FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE Salary < ANY (SELECT Salary FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Dno = 4)) = 'English,Jabbar,Narayan,Smith,Wong,Zelaya',
'4번 부서의 < ANY가 6명이 아니다';
END $$;
SELECT 'ALL CHECKS PASSED';